زمان ماضی بعید در زبان انگلیسی | past participle

فرمول پایه: had + past participle (V3)

• جمله اثباتی: You had studied English before you moved to New York.
• سؤالی (جابجایی فاعل و had): Had you studied English before you moved to New York?
• منفی: You had not studied English before you moved to New York.

• I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.
• I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
• Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.
• Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?
• She only understood the movie because she had read the book.
• Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.
• We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance.
• A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?
  B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.

مثال های بیشتر :

من هیچوقت چنین ساحل زیبایی را قبل از اینکه به کوایا بیایم ندیده بودم.

• I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.

من هیچ پولی نداشتم چون کیف پولم را گم کرده بودم.

• I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.

تونی استانبول را خیلی خوب می شناخت چون چندین بار به این شهر آمده بود.

• Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.

سوزان هیچ وقت قبل از اینکه برای زندگی به تایلند برود، تایلندی خوانده بود؟

• Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?

او فقط به این خاطر توانست متوجه فیلم بشود چون کتاب آن را خوانده بود.

• She only understood the movie because she had read the book.

کریستین هرگز قبل از دیشب اپرا ندیده بود.

• Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.

ما نتوانستیم اتاقی در هتل بگیریم چون قبلا رزرو نکرده بودیم.

• We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance.

هیچ وقت قبل از سفرت در 2006 به آمریکا آمده بودی؟

بله، من یک بار قبلا آمریکا بوده ام.

• A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?
  B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.

• We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
• By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.
• They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years.

نکته: افعالی مانند live, work, teach, study گاهی حالت غیر استمراری می گیرند و در Past Perfect به همین شکل می آیند.

• She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.

• She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. درست
• She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. درست

• She never saw a bear before she moved to Alaska. نادرست
• She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. درست

• You had previously studied English before you moved to New York.
• Had you previously studied English before you moved to New York?

• George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic’s license. Active
• Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic’s license. Passive